Calculating EVA Brewster Company manufactures elderberry wine. Last year, Brewster earned operating income of $188,000 after...

Question

Calculating EVA

Brewster Company manufactures elderberry wine. Last year, Brewster earned operating income of $188,000 after income taxes. Capital employed equaled $2.3 million. Brewster is 40 percent equity and 60 percent 10-year bonds paying 7 percent interest. Brewster’s marginal tax rate is 40 percent. The company is considered a fairly risky investment and probably commands a 12-point premium above the 5 percent rate on long-term Treasury bonds.

Jonathan Brewster’s aunts, Abby and Martha, have just retired, and Brewster is the new CEO of Brewster Company. He would like to improve EVA for the company. Compute EVA under each of the following independent scenarios that Brewster is considering.

Required:

Use a spreadsheet to perform your calculations and round all interim and percentage figures to four decimal places. If the EVA is negative, enter your answer as a negative amount.

1. No changes are made; calculate EVA using the original data.

$

2. Sugar will be used to replace another natural ingredient (atomic number 33) in the elderberry wine. This should not affect costs but will begin to affect the market assessment of Brewster Company, bringing the premium above long-term Treasury bills to 10 percent the first year and 7 percent the second year. Calculate revised EVA for both years.

	EVA

Year 1	$
Year 2	$

3. Brewster is considering expanding but needs additional capital. The company could borrow money, but it is considering selling more common stock, which would increase equity to 70 percent of total financing. Total capital employed would be $3,200,000. The new after-tax operating income would be $400,000. Using the original data, calculate EVA. Then, recalculate EVA assuming the materials substitution described in Requirement 2. New after-tax income will be $400,000, and in Year 1, the premium will be 10 percent above the long-term Treasury rate. In Year 2, it will be 7 percent above the long-term Treasury rate. (Hint: You will calculate three EVAs for this requirement.)

	EVA

Year 1	$
Year 1 (10% premium)	$
Year 2 (7% premium)	$

 · Answer

1.

Cost of Equity = 5%+12% = 17%
Cost of Debt (after tax) = 7%(1-0.4) = 4.2%

So, Weighted Average cost of capital (WACC) = 17%*0.4 + 4.2%*0.6 = 9.32%

NOPAT= 188000 + (2300000*0.6*4.2%) = 245960

EVA = NOPAT - WACC*Capital Invested => 245960- (2,300,000*9.32%) = 31600.

2. Cost of equity in first year = 5%+10% = 15%; Cost of equity in second year = 5%+7% = 12%

EVA first year = 245960 - (15%*0.4 + 4.2%*0.6)*2300000 = 50000

EVA Second year = 245960 - (12%*0.4 + 4.2%*0.6)*2300000 = 77600.

	EVA
Year 1	50000
Year 2	77600

3. NOPAT = 400000 + (3200000* (1-0.7) * 4.2%) = 440320

WACC = 0.7*17% + 0.3*4.2% = 13.16%

EVA (original data) = 440320 - (3200000*13.16%) = 19200

Revised data:

EVA first year = 440320-(15%*0.7 + 4.2%*0.3)*3200000= 64000
EVA Second year = 440320-(12%*0.7 + 4.2%*0.3)*3200000= 131200.

	EVA
Year 1	19200
Year 1 (10%)	64000
Year 22 (7%)	131200

Pls Note: It is assumed the Operating Income given in the question is after deduction of interest. Hence, the interest amounts are added back. Please comment in case of any query regarding the solution.

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Calculating EVA Brewster Company manufactures elderberry wine. Last year, Brewster earned operating income of $188,000 after...

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